From 800d6aa37b86cd1a83829a71182a0a2d36e81082 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Arthur David Olson Date: Mon, 7 Feb 1994 09:57:39 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] Eggert 1994 updates SCCS-file: europe SCCS-SID: 7.14 --- europe | 973 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------- 1 file changed, 556 insertions(+), 417 deletions(-) diff --git a/europe b/europe index 3bb8ed6..a49ecd3 100644 --- a/europe +++ b/europe @@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). # Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. # +# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, +# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which +# I found in the UCLA library. +# # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. # The starred Russian names are dubious. Corrections are welcome! @@ -28,7 +32,7 @@ # 2:00 EET+DST Eastern Europe # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow # 3:00 TUR+DST Turkey (no longer used)* -# 4:00 SSK SSD Sverdlovsk* +# 4:00 ESK ESD Yekaterinburg* # 5:00 OSK OSD Omsk* # 6:00 NSK NSD Novosibirsk # 7:00 ISK ISD Irkutsk* @@ -77,134 +81,6 @@ # transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much # about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time. -# From Peter Ilieve (July 4, 1989): -# -# From the UK Government paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document" -# (HMSO Cm722 June 1989), which is about the possibility of the UK moving -# into the central European timezone and synchronising its summer time with -# the rest of Europe (by moving the end date back a month to end Sep., -# the start dates are already the same). -# -# Summer time was not observed before 1916. -# It was introduced in the First World War in response to its introduction -# by Germany in March 1916. -# During the Second World War normal summer time was used in Winter and double -# summer time was used in Summer. -# Between 1968 and 1971 GMT+1 was used all year as an experiment. -# This caused voluble objections in Scotland and the experiment was judged -# a failure. -# -# Although it does not say what happens in Europe, it does say that most -# of Europe did not use summer time until 1979, presumably dropping it -# after the 1st and/or 2nd war. -# -# Note that this is not necessarily accurate for Eire. -# -# The paper gives a complete record of dates from 1916, and dates up to 1992. -# The intention is to have the new system, if any, start in 1993. -# The dates are (copied exactly from the table in the paper): -# -# Summer Time Double Summer Time -# Year Start End Start End -# 1916 21 May 1 October -# 1917 8 April 17 September -# 1918 24 March 30 September -# 1919 30 March 29 September -# 1920 28 March 25 October -# (extended from -# 27 Sep. because -# of coal strike) -# -# 1921 3 April 3 October -# 1922 26 March 8 October -# 1923 22 April 16 September -# 1924 20 April 21 September [Some of the dates in these -# 1925 to 3rd Sunday 1st Sunday three lines are incorrect; -# 1938 in April in October -- see below.] -# -# 1939 16 April 19 November -# 1940 25 February continued -# 1941 continued continued 4 May 10 August -# 1942 continued continued 5 April 9 August -# 1943 continued continued 4 April 15 August -# 1944 continued continued 2 April 17 September -# 1945 continued 7 October 2 April 15 July -# -# 1946 14 April 6 October -# 1947 16 March 2 November 13 April 10 August -# 1948 14 March 31 October -# 1949 3 April 30 October -# 1950 16 April 22 October -# 1951 15 April 21 October -# 1952 20 April 26 October -# -# 1953 19 April 4 October -# 1954 11 April 3 October -# 1955 17 April 2 October -# 1956 15 April 7 October [`15 April' is disputed; see below.] -# 1957 14 April 6 October -# 1958 20 April 5 October -# 1959 19 April 4 October -# 1960 10 April 2 October -# -# 1961 26 March 29 October -# 1962 25 March 28 October -# 1963 31 March 27 October -# 1964 22 March 25 October -# 1965 21 March 24 October -# 1966 20 March 23 October -# 1967 19 March 29 October -# -# 1968 18 February continued -# 1969 continued continued -# 1970 continued continued -# 1971 continued 31 October -# 1972 19 March 29 October -# 1973 18 March 28 October -# 1974 17 March 27 October -# -# 1975 16 March 26 October -# 1976 21 March 24 October -# 1977 20 March 23 October -# 1978 19 March 29 October -# 1979 18 March 28 October -# 1980 16 March 26 October -# 1981 29 March 25 October -# -# 1982 28 March 24 October -# 1983 27 March 23 October -# 1984 25 March 28 October -# 1985 31 March 27 October -# 1986 30 March 26 October -# 1987 29 March 25 October -# 1988 27 March 23 October -# -# 1989 26 March 29 October -# 1990 25 March 28 October -# 1991 31 March 27 October -# 1992 29 March 25 October -# -# These dates agree with the ones from Whitaker's Almanac for 1960--87. . . - -# From Peter Ilieve (peter@memex.co.uk) (October 18, 1993) -# -# I made a transcription error in my table for 1924. The government Green -# Paper I was copying from actually says 20 April, which I mangled into -# 30 April. -# -# This still differs from the 13 April printed in Shanks' book. I would -# side with Shanks here. Software that purports to calculate the date of -# Easter says that 20 April 1924 was Easter. The Summer Time Act 1922, -# which was the relevant law at the time, says that Summer Time starts -# after the 3rd Saturday in April, unless that is Easter, when it is the -# 2nd Saturday. I asked the Home Office about this discrepancy but they -# weren't interested in helping at all. -# -# If you continue to include my email with the table of dates in it in -# your europe file I would appreciate it saying the 20 April for 1924, as -# that is what the document I was quoting from said. Add a note somewhere -# to say that the date is almost certainly bogus. - # From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989): # # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's @@ -502,6 +378,176 @@ # who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining # why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter). +# From Peter Ilieve (November 18, 1993) +# +# Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent +# before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and +# all the Acts. +# +# There are no changes to the dates we already have. +# +# My doubt about an early start in 1967 on 18 Feb was misplaced, the Order +# does say 18 Feb. This is an interesting case as the first Order gave a +# different date of 7 April 1967 for the Isle of Man but this was changed +# before it came into effect by another Order for the Isle of Man alone. +# +# I don't think I will be able to find any more of the earlier Orders. +# The annual volumes for 1949--52 do not contain the various Summer Time +# Orders. They therefore don't appear in the index. They rate a mention in +# italics in the numerical list at the start but that is all. +# I think what happens is that the annual volume is produced well after the +# end of the year in question, by which time the Summer Time Order is spent. +# They assume that nobody would ever be stupid enough to want to see it +# again so they leave it out. +# +# It might be a good idea to put this table, or the output of tabscript +# showing all the moves because of Easter, in the europe file comments in +# place of my old transcription of the Green Paper table [the UK Government +# paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document" (HMSO Cm722 June 1989)]. +# +# The next thing on the horizon is the 7th EC/EU directive and the matching +# UK Order. I expect I will keep quiet until then. +# +# +# Peter Ilieve peter@memex.co.uk +# +# +# ## control file for tabscript, a program to generate UK summer time dates +# ## matching the table in Cm 722, the 1989 Green Paper. +# ## Lines like this are comments. +# ## Lines with a single # at the start are copied into the output +# ## Control lines are of the form +# ## +# ## is either a single year or a hyphen separated range, with -- +# ## also accepted as I use this in TeX a lot. +# ## and are a digit followed bu a month name. +# ## It is either an nth Saturday or an explcit date, depending on . +# ## 0 and/or none are used when there is no date, as during 1968--71. +# ## can contain `fixed' to indicate explicit dates and `double' +# ## to indicate double summer time dates are present. +# ## At present double requires fixed as well. +# ## and are like the start and end dates, with +# ## the exception of the 0 and/or none feature. +# +# ## Blank lines are also ignored. +# +# ## Places where I am uncertain, not having personally verified the dates +# ## against the Act or Order, are marked ??? +# ## These dates are taken from the Cm 722 table. +# +# # Summer Time Act, 1916 +# 1916 21 May 1 October fixed +# +# ## I haven't yet looked for Orders for 1916--22 and I doubt I will find them. +# # unknown Order or Orders ??? +# 1917 8 apr 17 sep fixed +# 1918 24 mar 30 sep fixed +# 1919 30 mar 29 sep fixed +# # end date extended in 1920 from 27 Sep because of coal strike (from Cm 722) +# 1920 28 mar 25 oct fixed +# 1921 3 apr 3 oct fixed +# +# # Summer Time Act, 1922 +# # came into force 22 July 1922, too late for 1922, so missing Order ??? +# 1922 26 mar 8 oct fixed +# 1923-1924 3 April 3 September +# +# # Summer Time Act, 1925 +# 1925--1938 3 April 1 October +# +# # Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939 +# 1939 3 April 3 November +# # 1940 amendment (SR&O 1940 Nos. 172 & 1883) +# 1940 4 feb 0 none +# # 1941 amendment (SR&O 1941 No. 476) +# 1941 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 may 10 aug +# # 1942 amendment (SR&O 1942 No. 506) +# 1942 0 none 0 none fixed,double 5 apr 9 aug +# 1943 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 apr 15 aug +# # 1944 amendment (SR&O 1944 No. 932) +# 1944 0 none 0 none fixed,double 2 apr 17 sep +# # 1945 dates from Hansard, Oral Answers, 1 March 1945 +# 1945 0 none 7 oct fixed,double 2 apr 15 jul +# +# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925 +# 1946 3 April 1 October +# +# # Summer Time Act, 1947 +# # Fixed dates for 1947 only, gives power to have double summer time +# 1947 16 mar 2 nov fixed,double 13 apr 10 aug +# ## I can't find any trace of the Order for 1948. +# # Unknown Order ??? +# 1948 14 mar 31 oct fixed +# ## I know the numbers for the 1949--52 ones but the text is missing from the +# ## annual volumes. I also don't know if the 49 Order was for 49 or 50, etc. +# # Summer Time Order, 1949 (SI1949/373) ??? +# 1949 3 apr 30 oct fixed +# # Summer Time Order, 1950 (SI1950/518) ??? +# 1950 16 apr 22 oct fixed +# # Summer Time Order, 1951 (SI1951/430) ??? +# 1951 15 apr 21 oct fixed +# # Summer Time Order, 1952 (SI1952/451) ??? +# 1952 20 apr 26 oct fixed +# +# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925 +# 1953--1960 3 April 1 October +# +# ## All Orders from here on specify fixed dates, not day after nth Sunday +# ## Start pattern looks like Mar lastSun up to 1963, Mar Sun>=19 up to 1967. +# ## End pattern looks like Oct Sun>=23 up to 1967. +# # Summer Time Order, 1961 (SI1961/71) +# 1961 26 March 29 October fixed +# # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (SI1961/2465) +# 1962 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed +# # Summer Time Order, 1963 (SI1963/81) +# 1963 31 March 27 October fixed +# # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (SI1963/2101) +# 1964 22 March 25 October fixed +# # Summer Time Order, 1964 (SI1964/1201) +# 1965 21 Mar 24 Oct fixed +# 1966 20 Mar 23 Oct fixed +# 1967 19 Mar 29 Oct fixed +# # Summer Time Order, 1967 (SI1967/1148) +# # Specifies different start date of 7 April for Isle of Man +# # Summer Time Order, 1968 (SI1968/117) +# # Changes Isle of Man start date to 18 Feb to match rest of UK +# # British Standard Time Act, 1968 +# 1968 18 feb 0 none fixed +# 1969--1970 0 none 0 none +# 1971 0 none 31 oct fixed +# +# # Summer Time Act, 1972 +# 1972-1980 3 March 4 October +# +# # The pattern here looks like Last Sun in Mar, day after 4th Sat in Oct +# # First EC Directive ??? +# # Summer Time Order, 1980 (SI1980/1089) +# 1981 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed +# 1982 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed +# # Second EC Directive ??? +# # Summer Time Order, 1982 (SI1982/1673) +# 1983 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed +# 1984 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed +# 1985 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed +# # Third EC Directive ??? +# # Summer Time Order, 1986 (SI1986/223) +# 1986 30 Mar 26 Oct fixed +# 1987 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed +# 1988 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed +# # Fourth EC Directive ??? +# # Summer Time Order, 1988 (SI1988/931) +# 1989 26 Mar 29 Oct fixed +# # Fifth EC Directive ??? +# # Summer Time Order, 1989 (SI1989/985) +# 1990 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed +# 1991 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed +# 1992 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed +# # Sixth EC Directive +# # Summer Time Order, 1992 (SI1992/1729) +# 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed +# 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed + + # From Paul Eggert (November 18, 1993): # # As Ilieve remarks, the date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A @@ -528,13 +574,15 @@ # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT # to daylight savings time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to # conform with Great Britain. +# +# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule GB-Eire 1847 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 GMT # 1916 to 1925--irregular Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT @@ -542,10 +590,10 @@ Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST @@ -556,7 +604,7 @@ Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST @@ -570,19 +618,19 @@ Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST # Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above. -Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 DST +Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 DST Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 DST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT # So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular. Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1948 1949 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST # 1950 through start of 1953, regular. Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT @@ -610,14 +658,14 @@ Zone Europe/London -0:00:37 - LMT 1847 Sep 22 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00 0:00 GB-Eire %s Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 - -0:25 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT - -0:25 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 + -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT + -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 3:00 0:00 GB-Eire %s -Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 - -0:25 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT - -0:25 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 +Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 + -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT + -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Feb 25 2:00 0:00 1:00 BST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 @@ -631,55 +679,61 @@ Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 # Continental Europe -Rule W-Eur 1800 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - -Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - -Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - -Rule W-Eur 1979 max - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - -Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule W-Eur 1800 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - +Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - +Rule W-Eur 1979 max - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - +Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule M-Eur 1800 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1800 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - -Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - -Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - -Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - -Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - -Rule M-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule M-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - -Rule M-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - -Rule M-Eur 1979 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - -Rule M-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Shanks says DST was continuous from 1940 Apr 1 to 1942 Nov 2; go with Whitman. +Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Dec 31 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1941 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule M-Eur 1941 only - Oct 5 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks. +Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule M-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1979 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 3:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Sep lastSun 3:00s 0 - +Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 3:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Sep lastSun 3:00s 0 - # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Russia 1880 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 - +Rule Russia 1880 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 - Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 D -Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 K +Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 K Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 D # Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition. # From Andrew A. Chernov (November 12, 1993): # My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21. Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DD -Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 K -Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K -Rule Russia 1984 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K -Rule Russia 1985 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D -Rule Russia 1992 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K -Rule Russia 1992 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 K +Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K +Rule Russia 1984 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K +Rule Russia 1985 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Russia 1992 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K +Rule Russia 1992 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. @@ -737,13 +791,13 @@ Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 # Austria # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Austria 1918 only - Jun 16 3:00 0 - -Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - -Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST" # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr @@ -763,38 +817,43 @@ Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 2:00 Russia MS%s # Belgium +# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# From Whitman: +Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - +# Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman. +Rule Belgium 1920 1921 - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1927 Oct 1 2:00s and 1928 Oct 7 2:00s; go with Shanks. Rule Belgium 1922 1928 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1929 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1929 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman says 1937 Apr 18 2:00s; go with Shanks. +Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman says 1938 Apr 10 2:00s; go with Shanks. +Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:20 - LMT 1880 0:17 - BST 1892 May 1 12:00 @@ -820,10 +879,10 @@ Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884 # the rest switched on 1920 Sep 17. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - +Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - -Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - +Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - +Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 1:57 - TST 1894 Nov 30 @@ -846,13 +905,13 @@ Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884 # Czech Republic # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Czech 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - -Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - -Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST" # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 0:58 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time @@ -864,18 +923,22 @@ Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - -Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - +Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - +Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - +Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - +# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways +# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks. +# +# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 - 0:50 - CMT 1894 # Copenhagen Mean Time + 0:50 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1980 Apr 6 2:00 @@ -918,13 +981,15 @@ Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 2:00 M-Eur EET%s # France +# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. +# From Shanks (1991): # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule France 1911 only - Mar 11 0:00 0 - +Rule France 1911 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=7 23:00s 0 - +Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" @@ -933,45 +998,46 @@ Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - -Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 " DST" # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, # but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco). -Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - +Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 " DDST" +Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 " DDST" +Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 " DDST" +Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 " DDST" +Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 " DDST" +Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - # From Paul Eggert =1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 " DDST" Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST" @@ -1010,14 +1077,18 @@ Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 # The rest switched on 1920 Mar 18. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Greece 1916 only - July 28 0:01 0 - -Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - +# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks. +Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - +# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks. +Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks. +Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - -Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - +Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - +# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks. +Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 " DST" @@ -1025,9 +1096,9 @@ Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - -Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - -Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 @@ -1039,25 +1110,25 @@ Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 # Hungary # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 - -Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - -Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 - +Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - +Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - +Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - +Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - +Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - +Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - +Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 " DST" # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Jul @@ -1071,70 +1142,103 @@ Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct # From Adam David (November 6, 1993): # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. # -# From Shanks (1991): +# (December 5, 1993): +# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of +# Iceland Almanak. +# +# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour +# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts +# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which +# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. +# +# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks +# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the +# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always +# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. +# +# (December 10, 1993): +# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the +# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus +# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. +# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day +# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. +# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiatical sources. "old style" +# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it +# might mean something else (???). The Gregorian calendar was not introduced +# in Iceland until 1700. +# +# From Paul Eggert (December 9, 1993): +# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. +# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that +# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. +# # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Iceland 1908 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S -Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 20 2:00 1:00 D -Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 25 2:00 0 S -Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 15 2:00 0 S -Rule Iceland 1919 only - Feb 19 2:00 1:00 D -Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 2:00 1:00 D -Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 22 2:00 0 S -Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sat>=1 2:00 1:00 D -Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Jul 2 2:00 0 S -Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D -Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 2:00 0 S -Rule Iceland 1947 1962 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D -Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00 0 S -Rule Iceland 1950 only - Oct 22 2:00 0 S -# From Paul Eggert =23 1:00s 0 S -Rule Iceland 1963 1968 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D +Rule Iceland 1908 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 D +Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 S +Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 S +Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 D +Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 S +Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 S +Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 D +Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 S +Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 D +Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 S +# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter +Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D +Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S +# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter +Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D +# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week +Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 S +Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S +Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 -1:28 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time - -1:00 Iceland I%sT 1968 Oct 27 1:00s + -1:00 Iceland I%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 0:00 - GMT # Italy # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Italy 1893 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S -Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 4 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - -Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - -Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 - +Rule Italy 1893 only - Nov 1 0:00s 0 S +# Shanks gives transition times of 1916-1920 as 24:00; go with Whitman. +Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Shanks gives 1920 Sep 18; go with Whitman. +Rule Italy 1920 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 - Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - -Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - -Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 @@ -1180,29 +1284,30 @@ Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 2:00 M-Eur MET%s # Luxembourg +# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Lux 1904 only - Jun 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1904 only - Jun 1 0:00 0 - Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - -Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 " DST" # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -1251,49 +1356,62 @@ Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 2:00 M-Eur EET%s # Monaco +# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 - 0:09 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time + 0:09:05 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1:00 France MET%s 1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 M-Eur MET%s # Netherlands # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Neth 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 AMT -Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT +Rule Neth 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 AMT +# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman. +Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT +# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks. Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST +# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks. Rule Neth 1922 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT -Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST +# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks. +Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST +# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks. Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST +# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks. Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 - Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 " DST" +# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:36 - LMT 1892 May - 0:20 Neth %s 1937 Jul - 1:20 Neth %s 1940 May 16 2:00 +Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May + 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul + 0:20 Neth %s 1940 May 16 0:40 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Neth MET%s 1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 M-Eur MET%s # Norway # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Norway 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Norway 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 - +# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - -Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - +# Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman. +Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4, +# 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940. +Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 " DST" @@ -1305,8 +1423,9 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 1:00 M-Eur MET%s # Svalbard is like Europe/Oslo. # -# Jan Mayen -# no information +# From Whitman: +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT # Poland # Austrian and German Poland switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar @@ -1314,20 +1433,23 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - +# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks. +Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - +# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with SHanks. Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 - -Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 - +Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks. +Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - -Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -1339,17 +1461,16 @@ Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Oct 1:00 Poland MET%s 1977 Apr 3 1:00 1:00 W-Eur MET%s -# This link is for backward compatibility with the old naming convention. -Link Europe/Warsaw Poland # Portugal # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Port 1911 only - May 24 0:00 0 - +Rule Port 1911 only - May 24 0:00 0 - Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - +# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. +Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST" @@ -1357,24 +1478,30 @@ Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks. Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman. +Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks. Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1935 only - Apr 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. +Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks. +Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks. Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1940 only - Oct 7 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1941 only - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - +# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. +Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 " DST" @@ -1384,16 +1511,20 @@ Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1947 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1947 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. +# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks. +Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 -0:37 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time @@ -1420,8 +1551,6 @@ Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 0:00 - WET 1977 Mar 27 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 0:00 W-Eur WET%s -# This link is for backward compatibility with the old naming convention. -Link Europe/Lisbon Portugal # Slovakia Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava @@ -1430,14 +1559,14 @@ Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava # Catholic Romania switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on # on 1919 Mar 18. Greek Orthodox Romania switched on 1920 Mar 18. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Romania 1931 only - Jul 24 0:00 0 - -Rule Romania 1932 only - May 22 0:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - -Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - -Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - +Rule Romania 1931 only - Jul 24 0:00 0 - +Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - +Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 1:44 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT @@ -1473,12 +1602,10 @@ Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep lastSun 2:00s 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3:00 Russia MS%s -# This link is for backward compatibility with the old naming convention. -Link Europe/Moscow Moscow -Zone Asia/Sverdlovsk 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 4:00 - SSK 1957 Mar - 5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 4:00 Russia SS%s +Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 4:00 - ESK 1957 Mar + 5:00 Russia ES%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 + 4:00 Russia ES%s Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar 6:00 Russia TS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 @@ -1538,37 +1665,43 @@ Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884 # Spain # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Spain 1901 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - +Rule Spain 1901 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. +Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks. Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - +# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks. +Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks. Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks. Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" -Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks. +Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" +Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" -Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - +Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - +Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - -Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - +Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - +Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Madrid 0:14:44 - LMT 1901 0:00 Spain WET%s 1946 Sep 30 @@ -1594,9 +1727,12 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... -# From Shanks (1991): # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Swiss 1894 only - Jun 1 0:00 0 - +# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): +Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 " DST" +# From Shanks (1991): Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 " DST" # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -1618,12 +1754,17 @@ Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - +# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks. Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman. +Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks. Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - @@ -1654,7 +1795,7 @@ Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -1665,17 +1806,15 @@ Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1986 2:00 M-Eur EET%s Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. -# This link is for backward compatibility with the old naming convention. -Link Europe/Istanbul Turkey # Ukraine # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - +Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2:02 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00