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Eggert 1994 updates

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SCCS-file: europe
SCCS-SID: 7.14
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Arthur David Olson
2012-07-18 03:02:13 -04:00
committed by Paul Eggert
parent 2128d6d12b
commit 800d6aa37b
1 changed files with 556 additions and 417 deletions
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@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. # Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
# #
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# The starred Russian names are dubious. Corrections are welcome! # The starred Russian names are dubious. Corrections are welcome!
@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@
# 2:00 EET+DST Eastern Europe # 2:00 EET+DST Eastern Europe
# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
# 3:00 TUR+DST Turkey (no longer used)* # 3:00 TUR+DST Turkey (no longer used)*
# 4:00 SSK SSD Sverdlovsk* # 4:00 ESK ESD Yekaterinburg*
# 5:00 OSK OSD Omsk* # 5:00 OSK OSD Omsk*
# 6:00 NSK NSD Novosibirsk # 6:00 NSK NSD Novosibirsk
# 7:00 ISK ISD Irkutsk* # 7:00 ISK ISD Irkutsk*
@@ -77,134 +81,6 @@
# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much # transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much
# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time. # about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time.
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (July 4, 1989):
#
# From the UK Government paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document"
# (HMSO Cm722 June 1989), which is about the possibility of the UK moving
# into the central European timezone and synchronising its summer time with
# the rest of Europe (by moving the end date back a month to end Sep.,
# the start dates are already the same).
#
# Summer time was not observed before 1916.
# It was introduced in the First World War in response to its introduction
# by Germany in March 1916.
# During the Second World War normal summer time was used in Winter and double
# summer time was used in Summer.
# Between 1968 and 1971 GMT+1 was used all year as an experiment.
# This caused voluble objections in Scotland and the experiment was judged
# a failure.
#
# Although it does not say what happens in Europe, it does say that most
# of Europe did not use summer time until 1979, presumably dropping it
# after the 1st and/or 2nd war.
#
# Note that this is not necessarily accurate for Eire.
#
# The paper gives a complete record of dates from 1916, and dates up to 1992.
# The intention is to have the new system, if any, start in 1993.
# The dates are (copied exactly from the table in the paper):
#
# Summer Time Double Summer Time
# Year Start End Start End
# 1916 21 May 1 October
# 1917 8 April 17 September
# 1918 24 March 30 September
# 1919 30 March 29 September
# 1920 28 March 25 October
# (extended from
# 27 Sep. because
# of coal strike)
#
# 1921 3 April 3 October
# 1922 26 March 8 October
# 1923 22 April 16 September
# 1924 20 April 21 September [Some of the dates in these
# 1925 to 3rd Sunday 1st Sunday three lines are incorrect;
# 1938 in April in October -- see below.]
#
# 1939 16 April 19 November
# 1940 25 February continued
# 1941 continued continued 4 May 10 August
# 1942 continued continued 5 April 9 August
# 1943 continued continued 4 April 15 August
# 1944 continued continued 2 April 17 September
# 1945 continued 7 October 2 April 15 July
#
# 1946 14 April 6 October
# 1947 16 March 2 November 13 April 10 August
# 1948 14 March 31 October
# 1949 3 April 30 October
# 1950 16 April 22 October
# 1951 15 April 21 October
# 1952 20 April 26 October
#
# 1953 19 April 4 October
# 1954 11 April 3 October
# 1955 17 April 2 October
# 1956 15 April 7 October [`15 April' is disputed; see below.]
# 1957 14 April 6 October
# 1958 20 April 5 October
# 1959 19 April 4 October
# 1960 10 April 2 October
#
# 1961 26 March 29 October
# 1962 25 March 28 October
# 1963 31 March 27 October
# 1964 22 March 25 October
# 1965 21 March 24 October
# 1966 20 March 23 October
# 1967 19 March 29 October
#
# 1968 18 February continued
# 1969 continued continued
# 1970 continued continued
# 1971 continued 31 October
# 1972 19 March 29 October
# 1973 18 March 28 October
# 1974 17 March 27 October
#
# 1975 16 March 26 October
# 1976 21 March 24 October
# 1977 20 March 23 October
# 1978 19 March 29 October
# 1979 18 March 28 October
# 1980 16 March 26 October
# 1981 29 March 25 October
#
# 1982 28 March 24 October
# 1983 27 March 23 October
# 1984 25 March 28 October
# 1985 31 March 27 October
# 1986 30 March 26 October
# 1987 29 March 25 October
# 1988 27 March 23 October
#
# 1989 26 March 29 October
# 1990 25 March 28 October
# 1991 31 March 27 October
# 1992 29 March 25 October
#
# These dates agree with the ones from Whitaker's Almanac for 1960--87. . .
# From Peter Ilieve (peter@memex.co.uk) (October 18, 1993)
#
# I made a transcription error in my table for 1924. The government Green
# Paper I was copying from actually says 20 April, which I mangled into
# 30 April.
#
# This still differs from the 13 April printed in Shanks' book. I would
# side with Shanks here. Software that purports to calculate the date of
# Easter says that 20 April 1924 was Easter. The Summer Time Act 1922,
# which was the relevant law at the time, says that Summer Time starts
# after the 3rd Saturday in April, unless that is Easter, when it is the
# 2nd Saturday. I asked the Home Office about this discrepancy but they
# weren't interested in helping at all.
#
# If you continue to include my email with the table of dates in it in
# your europe file I would appreciate it saying the 20 April for 1924, as
# that is what the document I was quoting from said. Add a note somewhere
# to say that the date is almost certainly bogus.
# From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989): # From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989):
# #
# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
@@ -502,6 +378,176 @@
# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining # who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter). # why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter).
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (November 18, 1993)
#
# Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent
# before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and
# all the Acts.
#
# There are no changes to the dates we already have.
#
# My doubt about an early start in 1967 on 18 Feb was misplaced, the Order
# does say 18 Feb. This is an interesting case as the first Order gave a
# different date of 7 April 1967 for the Isle of Man but this was changed
# before it came into effect by another Order for the Isle of Man alone.
#
# I don't think I will be able to find any more of the earlier Orders.
# The annual volumes for 1949--52 do not contain the various Summer Time
# Orders. They therefore don't appear in the index. They rate a mention in
# italics in the numerical list at the start but that is all.
# I think what happens is that the annual volume is produced well after the
# end of the year in question, by which time the Summer Time Order is spent.
# They assume that nobody would ever be stupid enough to want to see it
# again so they leave it out.
#
# It might be a good idea to put this table, or the output of tabscript
# showing all the moves because of Easter, in the europe file comments in
# place of my old transcription of the Green Paper table [the UK Government
# paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document" (HMSO Cm722 June 1989)].
#
# The next thing on the horizon is the 7th EC/EU directive and the matching
# UK Order. I expect I will keep quiet until then.
#
#
# Peter Ilieve peter@memex.co.uk
#
#
# ## control file for tabscript, a program to generate UK summer time dates
# ## matching the table in Cm 722, the 1989 Green Paper.
# ## Lines like this are comments.
# ## Lines with a single # at the start are copied into the output
# ## Control lines are of the form
# ## <years> <start date> <end date> <flags> <double start> <double end>
# ## <years> is either a single year or a hyphen separated range, with --
# ## also accepted as I use this in TeX a lot.
# ## <start date> and <end date> are a digit followed bu a month name.
# ## It is either an nth Saturday or an explcit date, depending on <flags>.
# ## 0 and/or none are used when there is no date, as during 1968--71.
# ## <flags> can contain `fixed' to indicate explicit dates and `double'
# ## to indicate double summer time dates are present.
# ## At present double requires fixed as well.
# ## <double start> and <double end> are like the start and end dates, with
# ## the exception of the 0 and/or none feature.
#
# ## Blank lines are also ignored.
#
# ## Places where I am uncertain, not having personally verified the dates
# ## against the Act or Order, are marked ???
# ## These dates are taken from the Cm 722 table.
#
# # Summer Time Act, 1916
# 1916 21 May 1 October fixed
#
# ## I haven't yet looked for Orders for 1916--22 and I doubt I will find them.
# # unknown Order or Orders ???
# 1917 8 apr 17 sep fixed
# 1918 24 mar 30 sep fixed
# 1919 30 mar 29 sep fixed
# # end date extended in 1920 from 27 Sep because of coal strike (from Cm 722)
# 1920 28 mar 25 oct fixed
# 1921 3 apr 3 oct fixed
#
# # Summer Time Act, 1922
# # came into force 22 July 1922, too late for 1922, so missing Order ???
# 1922 26 mar 8 oct fixed
# 1923-1924 3 April 3 September
#
# # Summer Time Act, 1925
# 1925--1938 3 April 1 October
#
# # Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939
# 1939 3 April 3 November
# # 1940 amendment (SR&O 1940 Nos. 172 & 1883)
# 1940 4 feb 0 none
# # 1941 amendment (SR&O 1941 No. 476)
# 1941 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 may 10 aug
# # 1942 amendment (SR&O 1942 No. 506)
# 1942 0 none 0 none fixed,double 5 apr 9 aug
# 1943 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 apr 15 aug
# # 1944 amendment (SR&O 1944 No. 932)
# 1944 0 none 0 none fixed,double 2 apr 17 sep
# # 1945 dates from Hansard, Oral Answers, 1 March 1945
# 1945 0 none 7 oct fixed,double 2 apr 15 jul
#
# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
# 1946 3 April 1 October
#
# # Summer Time Act, 1947
# # Fixed dates for 1947 only, gives power to have double summer time
# 1947 16 mar 2 nov fixed,double 13 apr 10 aug
# ## I can't find any trace of the Order for 1948.
# # Unknown Order ???
# 1948 14 mar 31 oct fixed
# ## I know the numbers for the 1949--52 ones but the text is missing from the
# ## annual volumes. I also don't know if the 49 Order was for 49 or 50, etc.
# # Summer Time Order, 1949 (SI1949/373) ???
# 1949 3 apr 30 oct fixed
# # Summer Time Order, 1950 (SI1950/518) ???
# 1950 16 apr 22 oct fixed
# # Summer Time Order, 1951 (SI1951/430) ???
# 1951 15 apr 21 oct fixed
# # Summer Time Order, 1952 (SI1952/451) ???
# 1952 20 apr 26 oct fixed
#
# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
# 1953--1960 3 April 1 October
#
# ## All Orders from here on specify fixed dates, not day after nth Sunday
# ## Start pattern looks like Mar lastSun up to 1963, Mar Sun>=19 up to 1967.
# ## End pattern looks like Oct Sun>=23 up to 1967.
# # Summer Time Order, 1961 (SI1961/71)
# 1961 26 March 29 October fixed
# # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (SI1961/2465)
# 1962 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
# # Summer Time Order, 1963 (SI1963/81)
# 1963 31 March 27 October fixed
# # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (SI1963/2101)
# 1964 22 March 25 October fixed
# # Summer Time Order, 1964 (SI1964/1201)
# 1965 21 Mar 24 Oct fixed
# 1966 20 Mar 23 Oct fixed
# 1967 19 Mar 29 Oct fixed
# # Summer Time Order, 1967 (SI1967/1148)
# # Specifies different start date of 7 April for Isle of Man
# # Summer Time Order, 1968 (SI1968/117)
# # Changes Isle of Man start date to 18 Feb to match rest of UK
# # British Standard Time Act, 1968
# 1968 18 feb 0 none fixed
# 1969--1970 0 none 0 none
# 1971 0 none 31 oct fixed
#
# # Summer Time Act, 1972
# 1972-1980 3 March 4 October
#
# # The pattern here looks like Last Sun in Mar, day after 4th Sat in Oct
# # First EC Directive ???
# # Summer Time Order, 1980 (SI1980/1089)
# 1981 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
# 1982 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed
# # Second EC Directive ???
# # Summer Time Order, 1982 (SI1982/1673)
# 1983 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
# 1984 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
# 1985 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed
# # Third EC Directive ???
# # Summer Time Order, 1986 (SI1986/223)
# 1986 30 Mar 26 Oct fixed
# 1987 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
# 1988 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
# # Fourth EC Directive ???
# # Summer Time Order, 1988 (SI1988/931)
# 1989 26 Mar 29 Oct fixed
# # Fifth EC Directive ???
# # Summer Time Order, 1989 (SI1989/985)
# 1990 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
# 1991 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed
# 1992 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
# # Sixth EC Directive
# # Summer Time Order, 1992 (SI1992/1729)
# 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed
# 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
# #
# As Ilieve remarks, the date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A # As Ilieve remarks, the date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
@@ -528,6 +574,8 @@
# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
# to daylight savings time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to # to daylight savings time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
# conform with Great Britain. # conform with Great Britain.
#
# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule GB-Eire 1847 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1847 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 GMT
@@ -610,14 +658,14 @@ Zone Europe/London -0:00:37 - LMT 1847 Sep 22
1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00
0:00 GB-Eire %s 0:00 GB-Eire %s
Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
-0:25 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
-0:25 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00
1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 3:00 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 3:00
0:00 GB-Eire %s 0:00 GB-Eire %s
Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
-0:25 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
-0:25 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Feb 25 2:00 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Feb 25 2:00
0:00 1:00 BST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 0:00 1:00 BST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
@@ -644,10 +692,16 @@ Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
# Shanks says DST was continuous from 1940 Apr 1 to 1942 Nov 2; go with Whitman.
Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Dec 31 2:00s 0 -
Rule M-Eur 1941 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule M-Eur 1941 only - Oct 5 2:00s 0 -
Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
Rule M-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule M-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule M-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule M-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
@@ -763,23 +817,26 @@ Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
2:00 Russia MS%s 2:00 Russia MS%s
# Belgium # Belgium
# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# From Whitman:
Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" # Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman.
Rule Belgium 1920 1921 - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman gives 1927 Oct 1 2:00s and 1928 Oct 7 2:00s; go with Shanks.
Rule Belgium 1922 1928 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1922 1928 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Belgium 1929 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Belgium 1929 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
@@ -787,7 +844,9 @@ Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman says 1937 Apr 18 2:00s; go with Shanks.
Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman says 1938 Apr 10 2:00s; go with Shanks.
Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
@@ -873,9 +932,13 @@ Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways
# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks.
#
# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
0:50 - CMT 1894 # Copenhagen Mean Time 0:50 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
1:00 Denmark MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1:00 Denmark MET%s 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1980 Apr 6 2:00
@@ -918,10 +981,12 @@ Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
2:00 M-Eur EET%s 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
# France # France
# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule France 1911 only - Mar 11 0:00 0 - Rule France 1911 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=7 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
@@ -969,9 +1034,10 @@ Rule France 1975 only - Mar 20 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule France 1975 only - Sep 22 2:00s 0 - Rule France 1975 only - Sep 22 2:00s 0 -
Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:20 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:05 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
0:09 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 0:09:05 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
0:00 France WET%s 1940 Jun 14 0:00 France WET%s 1940 Jun 14
1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 25 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 25
0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00
@@ -985,6 +1051,7 @@ Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 " DST"
Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 " DDST" Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 " DDST"
@@ -1010,12 +1077,16 @@ Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
# The rest switched on 1920 Mar 18. # The rest switched on 1920 Mar 18.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Greece 1916 only - July 28 0:01 0 - Rule Greece 1916 only - July 28 0:01 0 -
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 " DST"
Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
@@ -1071,45 +1142,78 @@ Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (November 6, 1993): # From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (November 6, 1993):
# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
# #
# From Shanks (1991): # (December 5, 1993):
# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
# Iceland Almanak.
#
# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
#
# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
#
# (December 10, 1993):
# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiatical sources. "old style"
# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
# might mean something else (???). The Gregorian calendar was not introduced
# in Iceland until 1700.
#
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (December 9, 1993):
# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Iceland 1908 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S Rule Iceland 1908 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 20 2:00 1:00 D Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 D
Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 25 2:00 0 S Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 S
Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 15 2:00 0 S Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 S
Rule Iceland 1919 only - Feb 19 2:00 1:00 D Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 D
Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 2:00 1:00 D Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 S
Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 22 2:00 0 S Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sat>=1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 S
Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Jul 2 2:00 0 S Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 D
Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 S
Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 2:00 0 S Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 D
Rule Iceland 1947 1962 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 S
Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00 0 S # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
Rule Iceland 1950 only - Oct 22 2:00 0 S Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com) (November 18, 1993): Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S
# Shanks's ``1953 Oct 26'' is probably a typo for Oct 25. # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
# Likewise, correct Shanks's ``1961 Oct 22'' to Oct 29. Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
Rule Iceland 1951 1967 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 S # 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
Rule Iceland 1963 1968 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 S
Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S
Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
-1:28 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time -1:28 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time
-1:00 Iceland I%sT 1968 Oct 27 1:00s -1:00 Iceland I%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
0:00 - GMT 0:00 - GMT
# Italy # Italy
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Italy 1893 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S Rule Italy 1893 only - Nov 1 0:00s 0 S
Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 4 0:00 1:00 " DST" # Shanks gives transition times of 1916-1920 as 24:00; go with Whitman.
Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Italy 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 - Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
# Shanks gives 1920 Sep 18; go with Whitman.
Rule Italy 1920 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 " DST"
Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 - Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 -
@@ -1180,6 +1284,7 @@ Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
2:00 M-Eur MET%s 2:00 M-Eur MET%s
# Luxembourg # Luxembourg
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Lux 1904 only - Jun 1 0:00 0 - Rule Lux 1904 only - Jun 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
@@ -1251,9 +1356,10 @@ Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
2:00 M-Eur EET%s 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
# Monaco # Monaco
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
0:09 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 0:09:05 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1:00 France MET%s 1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 France MET%s 1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
@@ -1261,28 +1367,35 @@ Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
# Netherlands # Netherlands
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Neth 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 AMT Rule Neth 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 AMT
Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman.
Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT
Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT
Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
Rule Neth 1922 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1922 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST
# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST
# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks.
Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 - Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 " DST" Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 " DST"
# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:36 - LMT 1892 May Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
0:20 Neth %s 1937 Jul 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
1:20 Neth %s 1940 May 16 2:00 0:20 Neth %s 1940 May 16 0:40
1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1:00 Neth MET%s 1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 Neth MET%s 1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
@@ -1290,8 +1403,13 @@ Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:36 - LMT 1892 May
# Norway # Norway
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Norway 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 - Rule Norway 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 " DST"
Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
# Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman.
Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4,
# 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940.
Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
@@ -1305,8 +1423,9 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
# Svalbard is like Europe/Oslo. # Svalbard is like Europe/Oslo.
# #
# Jan Mayen # From Whitman:
# no information # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
# Poland # Poland
# Austrian and German Poland switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar # Austrian and German Poland switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
@@ -1314,7 +1433,9 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with SHanks.
Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 " DST"
Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 " DST"
@@ -1322,6 +1443,7 @@ Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 -
Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST"
Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
@@ -1339,13 +1461,12 @@ Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Oct 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Oct
1:00 Poland MET%s 1977 Apr 3 1:00 1:00 Poland MET%s 1977 Apr 3 1:00
1:00 W-Eur MET%s 1:00 W-Eur MET%s
# This link is for backward compatibility with the old naming convention.
Link Europe/Warsaw Poland
# Portugal # Portugal
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Port 1911 only - May 24 0:00 0 - Rule Port 1911 only - May 24 0:00 0 -
Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
@@ -1361,20 +1482,26 @@ Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST" # Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1935 only - Apr 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST" # Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Port 1940 only - Oct 7 23:00s 0 - # Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Port 1941 only - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
@@ -1384,8 +1511,12 @@ Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1947 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Port 1947 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
@@ -1420,8 +1551,6 @@ Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
0:00 - WET 1977 Mar 27 0:00 - WET 1977 Mar 27
0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
0:00 W-Eur WET%s 0:00 W-Eur WET%s
# This link is for backward compatibility with the old naming convention.
Link Europe/Lisbon Portugal
# Slovakia # Slovakia
Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
@@ -1431,7 +1560,7 @@ Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
# on 1919 Mar 18. Greek Orthodox Romania switched on 1920 Mar 18. # on 1919 Mar 18. Greek Orthodox Romania switched on 1920 Mar 18.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Romania 1931 only - Jul 24 0:00 0 - Rule Romania 1931 only - Jul 24 0:00 0 -
Rule Romania 1932 only - May 22 0:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 " DST"
@@ -1473,12 +1602,10 @@ Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep lastSun 2:00s 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep lastSun 2:00s
2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3:00 Russia MS%s 3:00 Russia MS%s
# This link is for backward compatibility with the old naming convention. Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2
Link Europe/Moscow Moscow 4:00 - ESK 1957 Mar
Zone Asia/Sverdlovsk 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2 5:00 Russia ES%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00
4:00 - SSK 1957 Mar 4:00 Russia ES%s
5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00
4:00 Russia SS%s
Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar
6:00 Russia TS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 6:00 Russia TS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00
@@ -1539,22 +1666,28 @@ Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884
# Spain # Spain
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Spain 1901 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - Rule Spain 1901 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
@@ -1594,9 +1727,12 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Swiss 1894 only - Jun 1 0:00 0 - Rule Swiss 1894 only - Jun 1 0:00 0 -
# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 " DST"
# From Shanks (1991):
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 " DST" Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 " DST"
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -1618,12 +1754,17 @@ Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 " DST"
Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman.
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
@@ -1665,8 +1806,6 @@ Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
2:00 Turkey EET%s 1986 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1986
2:00 M-Eur EET%s 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
# This link is for backward compatibility with the old naming convention.
Link Europe/Istanbul Turkey
# Ukraine # Ukraine
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S